Class Summary for April 24, 2022 - Bhagavad Gita Chapter-6: Slokas 16 - 18

 Summarized by Shilpa Sail

Starting the class with meditation helps us calm our minds and prepares us for the class.

Discussed verses 16, 17, and 18 in detail and chanted verses 19 to 21.

Analysis of verses 16 to 18.

Sleep

Scientific publications have mentioned that 6.5 to 7.5 hours of sleep is required, based on diverse research.

Why is sleep important for meditation?

Meditation is recommended for 10 mins to a max of 30 mins.

If a person is sleep-deprived, they may feel sleepy when they begin meditation.

More sleep is also not conducive to mediation. Excessive sleep leads to tamasic behavior. As a result, an individual may feel lethargic. 

Food

How much food is enough?

Eat only half of what is required, fill a quarter of the stomach with water, and keep the remaining empty for the food to mix and digest.

Some other guidelines on adequate intake of food are based on the ashrama.

Sannyasi - 2 servings

Vanaprastha - 4 servings

Gṛhastha - 8 servings

Brahmacharya - as needed as they are the most active.

The amount of food intake decreases as an individual grows older. 

In short, sleep decides the duration of contact with the outside world and food decides the type of contact with the outside world.

Any input/stimuli can be considered as Ahara. Reaction to the stimuli is considered a Vihara. Response to the stimuli is karma.

Every action should be a response rather than a reaction to the stimuli.

In the context of mediation, one who consistently responds rather than reacts can do mediation effectively, the more balanced that individual is.

Who is Yukta /accomplished person from a mediation perspective?

One whose mind is restrained --> karma yoga, bhakti yoga, and gnana yoga.

The three things help us focus and help an individual to be fixed on self and they are free from desires.

This leads to a person being able to meditate effectively.

Ashtanga yoga - 

These eight steps are known as the eight limbs of yoga.

1. Yama (Restraints, five steps we should not be doing) 

• ahimsa (non-violence) - make sure we are not harmful
• satya (truthful) - do not tell lies
• brahmacharya (moderation) - Do not indulge. Control of our senses is required.
• asteya (not stealing) - Do not keep something that does not belong to you. 
• aparigraha (not hoarding) - non-possessiveness, Do not covet what other people have. 

     2. Niyama (Observances/ Dos) 

• Saucha (purity) - Make sure we keep everything around you clean, including thinking, action, and surrounding. 
• Santosha (contentment) - Contentment. Be happy with what you have and stay satisfied. Critical to keep ourselves happy in what we have.
• Tapas (austerity) - Train ourselves to fast. fasting levels - without water, only water, fruits and nuts, and many other ways like sabunana khichadi. Bring about the disciple in yourself and assert some control over the stomach and over the desire the stomach is producing, considering Ekadashi fasting.

• Savdhayaya (Studying scriptures) - self-study of scriptures
• Ishvara pranidhana (surrender to a higher source) - Occasional puja, surrender to God.

      3. Asana (Posture) - make sure the body is fit and can sit for the length of meditation.

      4. Pranayama (Breath Control) - Practice pranayama regularly.

      5.Pratyahara (Withdrawal of the Senses) - 

     

      The above five steps are required before we start mediation. It is related to preparation for meditation. 

      

Below are three steps required during meditation. 

      6. Dharana (Concentration) - Siting and starting to focus on the Ishtha devata. Continue to do that for the period of  mediation. The key is not to get distracted by any other thoughts. 

      7. Dhyana (Meditation) - Ability to stay focused on the Ishtha devata for the duration of the meditation. To attain this level, an individual needs a lot of practice.

      8. Samadhi (Pure Contemplation) - 

• Samadhi is of two kinds - Samprajnata Samadhi, with the support of an object of meditation, and Asamprajnata Samadhi, without the support of an object of meditation.

Preparation for mediation is as critical as meditation itself.

We watched Gurudev's videos - Chapter 6- verses 16 and 17.

Verse 16 - Moderation in eating is a MUST.

Verse 17 - When and where to use my energy. 

We chanted verses 18, 19, and 20.

It ponders on the type of focus that is required for meditation. It is compared to that of a lamp with fire and the steady fast nature of the lamp. Holding the mind steadily under control during mediation is vital.

Detailed analysis will be in the next class.

Summary 

For effective meditation

1) posture is important

2) Moderation/ balancing in everything we do, particularly in food and sleep is essential.

Class Summary for April 10, 2022 - Bhagavad Gita Chapter-6: Slokas 10 - 15

 Summarized by Shivkumar Natarajan

We watched the below video of Gurudev on verses 11 to 13

If mediation is the path by which one can gain tranquility and equal vision within oneself, it is necessary that Lord Krishna gives a complete and exhaustive explanation of the technique of mediation.

Link :120 - Preparation for meditation - The Seat - Ch6v11

Key points : Verse 11

1. Where should I sit down?
2. India is a tropical climate. Hence we sat down on the floor
3. Seat should not be very hard or very soft.
4. While Bhagvad Gita tells us that we need to have Kusa grass with deer skin on top and with cloth covering it; the scripture should not be taken literally. It means be practical. Prepare seat as though you have made this arrangement for sitting. It does not mean have the same items. Fold blanket in four , put a cloth and sit down
5. If we cant sit down, sit on a chair
6. Its not where you sit down but what you do when you sit down
7. Sit in a clean place as the the external conditions have a direct bearing on the human mind

 

Link :121 Preparation for meditation Training the Muscles Ch6v12

Key points : Verse 12

1. When everyone is turned outward why must I turn inward (single pointed) ?
2. We are not doing it to reach Him as He is with you.
3. Due to evolution we had to turn outward for self preservation. To defend from enemy and find food we had to turn all attention to outer world.
4. Objective sciences is easy to master as its all turned outward
5. To turn attention inward is very difficult. Natural to look outward. But difficult to look inward. This is similar to right handed people struggling to do same activity with left hand.
6. Similar to child learning to write we need to train our muscles.
7.  Its analogous to having a good camera and focusing with lens. Initially the object being viewed will appear distorted but on focusing the lens you will be able to see clearly. Similarly our equipment is out of focus currently and needs to be brought to focus.
8. Sitting in seat of meditation , strive to contemplate exclusively and steadily to Higher thoughts as then enormous amounts of vasanas get burnt like baked speed no longer sprout. Vasanas will not produce desire and agitation and mind becomes quieter and quieter
9. Mind has to be single pointed to block the inner forces of its surging imagination and the outward pull exerted by the sense organs.
10. A purified mind which has no agitation and when the mind thus has become pure and steady he Consciousness looking at the steady refection if itself comes to rediscover its own Real Nature

Link:122 - Preparation of Meditation - The Posture - Ch6V13

Key points : Verse 13

1. While sitting on seat what should be the atmosphere around ?
2. No disturbances, no pollution, no sound or smell .
3. No insects around
4. Essentially any thing to disturb from outside.
5. The lower part of body is steady
6. Upper part : Keep body, neck, head in one straight line.
7. Don’t sit like a question mark. You are going to your own house.
8. Dont go like a beggar. Straighten with chest out.
9. Hold upper part in straight line and don’t move it (Sthiram). Physical movement contributes immensely to the shattering of mental concentration and inner equipoise

Link 123 - Preparation for Meditation - The Direction -  Ch6V13

Key points : Verse 13 continued

1. The direction of attention
2. Firmly look at the tip of the nose.
3. Meditation does not bring any difficulty to you as it is relaxation
4. Similar to when you sleep , you close your eyes, as I am not trying to see anything and experience embrace of sleep.
5. Understand that this is scriptural : Similarly when you see the tip of the nose of between the brows what it means its that you areturn attention 45 degrees elevated in level of heart or direction of nose as thought Lord is atnding in front of you. Some would like to look at his face, or chest or some look at his  legs
6. Don’t turn your attention to all directions . Mind is steadily focused on as though in direction of face (attention to brows) , (attention to tip of nose ) chest or (attention to your heart)legs of the Lord.
7. Essentially where the eyes go, the mind faithfully follows , that is the law

 

We then read verse 14,15

Theme

Preparation

1. Calm/Serene mind( Supremely peaceful). If Mind is agitated then do mediation. Each feeds into the other
2. Fearless
3. Sense Control/Discipline/Moderation
4. Mind control : Else it will keep telling you that you are doing things right or wrong
5. Intellect fixed on me (Brahman)
6. Subtle intellect : Knowing Me as Supreme

 

There are 3 types of people

1. One who is always in meditation : Meditative state
2. One who has some desires : Satsang
3. One who has heavy desires : Rituals

 

Points discussed so that mind is not focused on time

1. Perform guided mediation (using apps like headspace or inside timer app)
2. Keep an alarm
3. Do mediation for maximum 30 minutes. Goal is to have focused deep/intense mediation rather than do it for a long time but its disturbed
4. Do what you ought to do without getting attached.

 

Subjective Analysis

1. One who is completely surrendered (Shraddha) can meditate properly. (Note: You can handover your worries to the Lord , focus on meditation and then take it back once meditation is done)
2. What is outside effects what is inside

 

We then chanted verses 16, 17 and 18

Verses 16,17 : Do things in moderation . Not only food but all other senses too

Class Summary for April 3, 2022 - Bhagavad Gita Chapter-6: Slokas 7 - 9 and 10 - 13

Summarized by Shailesh Vyas

• Started with meditation, anulom vilom.

• Recap & Initial Q&A
• We did a recap of verse 7 to 9.
• We Talked about two stories as an example on how to live in samsara in detached mode and how renunciation is the state of mind.
• First Story (Living in Samsara in detached mode)
• Rajmata to save the baby in water.
• People keep searching for the prince for years. In the meantime this baby was found by some beggar. They raise the baby and he ends up becoming a beggar. He goes through uncertainties of what a beggar goes through, whether he will get food.
• Ministers from that kingdom found that baby .. they found that baby and made him King.
• He is happy for sometime.
• One day, the King went out disguised as a beggar, he went out into the kingdom.
• Action is still the same … but attitude changed. He has no worries anymore of sleeping hungry.
• In our everyday life, we perform the same action, it's the attitude that changes. We live in samsara in a detached mode.
• Second story (Renunciation - Shift in state of mind)
• Renunciation is contagious.
• You may think this is a hard thing to do. When you start it, it becomes easier.
• The US President was visiting India, and asked, I heard a lot about renunciation .. Can I meet one guy who has been renunciate?
• In his mind he was thinking of some sadhu from Himalaya.
• State department appoints a person to find someone who is realized.
• An Anointed person finds a guy who is just loitering around.
• An Anointed person gives him an offer to earn 1 Lakh. He agreed as long he doesn’t have to do anything.
• Contract is - You just have to sit in front of the state department office and anybody offers you anything, don’t take anything .. otherwise our contract is void.
• He sits there in advance a week. Lot of people start visiting him, word goes around and he becomes famous.
• People offer him anything and he says no I don’t need anything. I have everything.
• Finally one day the President asked did you find anyone who is a renunciate?
• To his surprise, the President is taken to the person sitting in front of the state department. President offers everything he says no. President gets inspired.
• After a week or two, the assistant goes there to pay saying your contract is over. The person refuses, saying I have everything I need.

Theme for Verse 7-9

• How does a Gnani interact with the world?
• Goes beyond dualities by controlling his BMI.
• Acts as the constant around whom everything else is changing.
• Try to listen and don’t get affected by surroundings.
• Master not a slave.
• You are pro-active on all your actions.
• Treats all objects the same - Dirt, stone, Gold etc.
• Convert the knowledge (external) to wisdom (internal) e.g. raw pickle to seasoned pickle.
• Treats all types of people around the same - Friend, Foe, indifferent etc.
• e.g. Animal biscuits!!
• Kids eat different shapes of biscuit, but all of them taste the same.
• Realize that the emptiness is imaginary and not real.
• In every day interactions, is constantly aware of the knowledge and is not touched by ups and downs.

• If there is any ego attached to a goal .. it's not a higher goal.

• Question - How can you be the same to a friend and enemy? (Reference to Shloka - 9)
• Example of Lion and Tiger .. you cannot hug them.
• You operate in this world with dualities but with non-duality understanding.
• Example of how Pandavas killed each other? They were still respectful to each other.
• Will Smith and Chris Rock example.

Verse 10 - 13

• Verse 10
• Translation - Those who seek the state of Yog should reside in seclusion constantly engaged in meditation with a controlled mind and body, getting rid of desires and possessions for enjoyment.
• Discussion - Once you start evolving, You will not be afraid to spend time with yourself.
• Our true quest is invert not external.
• Your search for ultimate truth has to be done by yourself. In order to do it, you have to be comfortable with yourself.
• It's a lonely journey. Guru and Shashtra can only guide and cheer, you have to do tasks by yourself.
• Verse 11
• Translation - To practice Yoga, one should make an asan(seat) in a sanctioned place, by placing kush grass, deer skin, and a cloth, one over the other. The asan should be neither too high nor too low.
• Discussion - Your physical surroundings should be comfortable to help you meditate.
• Prefer sitting on the ground, if not then sit on a chair, if that's not possible, you can lie down, but important is to meditate.
• By referencing deer skin, no one is promoting himsa. In olden days, the most common thing that was cozy was deer skin (naturally dying animals).
• Where you are seated, it should not be too hard or too soft.
• Verse 12
• Translation - Seated firmly on it, the yogi should strive to purify the mind by focussing it in meditation with one pointed concentration, controlling all thoughts and activities. He must hold the body, neck, and head firmly in a straight line, and gaze at the tip of the nose, without allowing the eyes to wander.
• Discussion - Focus on any one point, like tip of nose, important is focus.
• During tree pose, if you focus on one point, it's easy to perform this yoga.
• Chapter 5, it asks you to focus between your brows. Idea is to not get distracted by surroundings. Focusing on the tip of the nose or middle of brows minimize the distraction. Point is to withdraw yourself. Closing eyes is also recommended.
• Question - When we are sleeping, we focus on one thing, is it comparable?
• Not really.

Discussion

• How to meditate properly?
• How to remove disturbances?
• World → Alone
• Not in the middle of a shopping mall.
• Body → Posture
• Mind → Senses Subdued
• It should not matter what you are smelling or hearing.
• Intellect → Free from desire
• Exhaust those vasnas
• Subtle intellect → Uniting with self
• Whenever you have multiple recognition, how my sister in law thinks about it.
• Drop Possessiveness
• How to physically prepare?
• Have a clean place
• Firm seat - not too high or too low; or too hard or soft.
• How to Focus?
• Desires have to be OFF-loaded
• Focus on the HIGHER self
• Self Purification
• Location also matters. Cleaning the bathroom is not an option. Even bedroom or study. Choose a place that is conducive for meditation.
• You can sit in front of the temple.
• When we send a rocket from one atmosphere to another (or one world to another), how much preparation we do. Similarly when you are going from one place to another, preparation matters. Don’t take the preparation part lightly.
• One size may not fit all. Each one of us is different. Some may find it easy to meditate in front of a temple, others may not.
• Chicken looks at the duck and it looks like she can do it .. it tries and drown.
• Difference between mindfulness and meditation? One says you can do it anywhere.
• You need to be in this state all the time.
• They are complimenting each other.
• Morning meditation helps you to be in that state throughout the day.

Swamiji’s Video -

• By sitting in a quiet secret place, don’t advertise. Now you call four friends and tell me. They may disturb you now. Even your wife doesn’t need to know.
• Sit in meditation for even 5 mins. It's not length, it's depth. No other thought should disturb you. Do it alone. Not even with your wife or girlfriend.
• One who has controlled his mind. Don’t let your mind roam around.
• e.g. If you open shoes outside the temple, don’t focus on shoes while meditating in the temple.

Ended class with Meditation.

Class Summary for Mar 13, 2022 - Bhagavad Gita Chapter-6: Slokas 7 - 9

Summarized by Sridhar.V

The class started off with our Omkar routine followed by prayers and Pranayama.

We did a recap from our last class 02.27.2022 where in verses 1-6 from Chapter 6 were discussed.

We looked at a comparison of a Bhogi, Yogi, Sanyasi and a Gyani.

    A Bhogi is a person always in desires and cultivating more, and moving in the opposite direction on the spiritual path.
    A yogi is reducing desires, and thereby moving in the right direction. A sanyasi is able to eliminate his desires, and a gnani is completely free of any desire.
    In the gunas also, there is a progression from tamasic/rajasic for Bhogi to completely satvik for a gyani.
    Mind is the most agitated for a Bhogi, and becomes progressively calmer and is the calmest for a gyani.
    A Bhogi is most dependent on the external world, and a gyani is the least dependent

We also watched few videos of Gururdev on Chapter 6.

Excerpts of verses 7 ,8 and 9:

Translation of verse 7  :

The yogis who have conquered the mind rise above the dualities(pairs of opposites) heat and cold,joy and sorrow,honor and dishonor.Such yogis remain steadfast and peaceful in their devotion to God.

Commentary/Meaning :

Three pairs of opposites are indicated here as

1. Hot and Cold

2. Joy and Sorrow

3, Honour and Dishonour.

Shree Krishna mentions that  “hot and cold” are stimuli that are experienced at the body level, “pleasure and pain” indicates that all destinies suffer at the mind level and “honor and dishonor”pair of opposites offer no threat of any storm in the intellectual zone of an accomplished individual.

Thus,by these three representative pairs of opposites from the three worlds of the body,the mind and the intellect, Shree Krishna is trying to exhaust all possibilities of obstacles in man’s life.

Translation of verse no 8:

The yogis who are satisfied by knowledge and discrimination(viveka) and have conquered their senses remain undisturbed in all circumstances.They see everything -dirt,stones and gold as the same.

Commentary / Meaning :

An individual who is self controlled and serene,who has constantly come to contemplate upon the nature of the Self as understood from the shastras,through all his circumstances in life becomes filled with a divine satisfaction and becomes and unshakeable Yogi.

According to Shree Krishna, the satisfied contentment which a true Yogi comes to experience is much superior to the thrilled joys experienced in all intense studies.

The knowledge gained through study is indicated as Jnana and the first hand experience gained by the seeker of the Self in himself is called as the Knowledge of direct perception also called as Vijnana.

Translation of verse no 9:

The yogis look upon all as -well wishers,friends,foes,the pious and the sinners-with an impartial intellect .The Yogi who is of equal intellect towards friend,companion,and foe,neutral among enemies and relatives,and impartial between the righteous and sinful,is considered to be the distinguished amongst humans.

Commentary / Meaning :

In the previous verse,it was indicated that the man of perfection develops equal vision as far as things of the world are concerned. The universe is not made of things alone but also beings.

Lord Krishna says that a man of excellence regards all relationships with an equal love and consideration,be they friends or foe,nearest relations or enemies,indifferent or neural. In his equal vision,all of them are equally important and he embraces all of them with the same warmth and ardour.

Suhrin-well-wishers,Mitra-friends,ari- enemies,udaasina-neutral parties,madhyastha-mediators,dvesya-those who are provocative by their bad behaviour,bandhu-relatives,sadhus-3 meanings(noble person who follows dharma,sanyasi or simpleton,papeshu-one who is a sinner.

How can a person have the same attitude towards all of these- Example of sandalwood-When its dry its fragrant and everyone likes it, when it becomes moist and soggy, it emits a foul odour which is not liekable,and the same when its rubbed and is dried again becomes fragrant.

Don’t be judgemental towards people and allow everyone a fair chance.

We also discussed examples of the mindset of individuals who have won a major tournament and lost (Wimbeldon)-

We also discussed the example of a visit to the new York- Federal Reserve  Bank where in all the gold exchnages are stocked and people are allowed to visit the same.

Theme of verses 7,8 and 9 :(Yogi to Gnani)

HOW DOES A GNANI INTERACT WITH THE WORLD:

We used the Yin and yang or yin-yang concept that refers to an ancient Chinese philosophy where-in the opposite forces are seen as interconnected and counterbalancing.

Goes beyond dualities controlling his BMI.

Acts as the constant around whom everything else is changing.

Master and not a slave.

Treats all objects irrespective of value as the same.

Converts the knowledge(external) to wisdom- raw pickle to seasoned pickle.

Treats all people around as the same. Eg:Animal Biscuits.

In everyday interactions,is constantly aware of the knowledge and is not bothered by ups and downs.

We will continue with verses 10,11 and 12  from Chapter 6 in our next class.

Class Summary for Feb 27 , 2022 - Bhagavad gita Chapter-6: Slokas 1 - 6

 Summarized by: Neelima Turga

The class started with Om chanting, Pranayama and Meditation.

We then did a brief recap of last class. Some of the points discussed were how Karma, Bhakti and Gyana yoga go together along with meditation. All are important in attaining the spiritual goal.   In Kaliyuga we need to practice all three as they strengthen each other. There could be some exceptions, when someone attained moksha by following just one path. For example, the sages in the Himalayas may not have done any Karma Yoga in the current birth, but we do not know what they did in the prior births and how far ahead they are on the spiritual path.

Another point discussed was, with Karma Yoga will PORT reduction automatically happen.?  Although this is possible, we don’t know when that could happen. We need to make a conscious effort to reduce this. This will help us get rid of the extra baggage faster. Once on the spiritual path where the lower goals are substituted by higher goals, reduction of PORT could happen to a certain extent automatically. But a conscious effort to reduce will give us more time and energy to progress. It helps plug the energy drains that can happen while in grihastha ashrama. PORT can be a measure for how we are proceeding on the spiritual path. . A journal can be created to keep track of the PORT reduction. This will help identify what is dropped, and what has taken its place.

We then watched three videos of Gurudev on chapter 6.

Verse 4 –  How will one know when my mind is under my control. Once I know it's in control, I can give up the obligatory duties and focus on contemplation and quieting the mind more and more.  Once there are no more sensual desires and when there is no more indulgence in sense objects, then you can say the mind is under your control. Once all desires are given up, the mind comes into control.

Verse 5 – Lift yourself by yourself. That's the only way. No teacher or guru can do that for you. Having lifted a little high, do not again drop down. Maintain the improvement. 

  

Everyone has to go on their own spiritual path. The Guru can only provide encouragement and guidance, and not take him on the path. 

For example, one can look at Tripadvisor where everyone posts their own experience.  It can just serve as a guide. But each person has his own unique experience in his travel. Similarly, everyone's journey on the spiritual path is their own. It cannot be compared to others, nor can someone else traverse this path for you.

Without self-effort and will, progress will not happen.

 

Verse 6 – You are your own friend or relative. You are also your own enemy that will pull you down.

For an individual who has integrated the mind and the intellect, his mind is the greatest friend in this path. The mind and intellect are expected to work in harmony. But there is often conflict between them because of desire or anger. When this conflict arises, the same mind becomes an enemy on the spiritual path. The mind will not let you progress because of all the disturbances it creates.

You are your own friend when you are fully integrated. When you are conflicted, you become your own enemy. If you are in a balanced state of mind, you are able to work efficiently. But if something takes over, you become your own enemy. It could even be one emotion or desire that causes this conflict. Your mind becomes your enemy when you are constantly living either in the past or in the future. It is important to always stay in the present. 

Subjective analysis :

One should not be a bhogi, who is always desiring and taking. Yogi is a person who is able to let go more. We need to think if we are always being a bhogi or are giving back as a yogi.

We looked at a comparison of a Bhogi, Yogi, Sanyasi and a Gyani.

• A Bhogi is a person always in desires and cultivating more, and moving in the opposite direction on the spiritual path. 
• A yogi is reducing desires, and thereby moving in the right direction. A sanyasi is able to eliminate his desires, and a gnani is completely free of any desire.
• In the gunas also, there is a progression from tamasic/rajasic for Bhogi to completely satvik for a gyani.
• Mind is the most agitated for a bhogi, and becomes progressively calmer and is the calmest for a gyani.
• A bhogi is most dependent on the external world, and a gyani is the least dependent.
• The focus of a bhogi is mostly in the future as he is always desirous for something or the other, but for people progressing on the spiritual path, the focus is more and more, only in the present.

There is a lot of dissipation of energy when a person is constantly dwelling either in the past or the future. The person thus becomes inefficient in whatever he is doing in the present.